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Full democracyFlawed democracyHybrid regimeAuthoritarian regime
30.23
GoodSatisfactoryProblematicDifficultVery Serious
President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who first took power in a 2013 coup, has governed Egypt in an increasingly authoritarian manner. Meaningful political opposition is virtually nonexistent, as expressions of dissent can draw criminal prosecution and imprisonment. Civil liberties, including press freedom and freedom of assembly, are tightly restricted. Security forces engage in human rights abuses and extrajudicial killing with impunity. Discrimination against women, LGBT+ people, and other groups remain serious problems, as do high rates of sexual and gender-based violence.
Internet freedom and the rights of internet users are severely constrained in Egypt. The Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) continued to manipulate the media landscape by blocking independent news sites and forcing publishers to remove online content deemed critical of the government. Criminal penalties, harassment, and surveillance have contributed to high levels of self-censorship among Egyptian internet users, particularly independent media outlets and government critics. Authorities continued their practice of “recycling” detainees, and some journalists, activists, and bloggers who were imprisoned on earlier charges were resentenced during the coverage period.
Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide.
It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the third-largest in Africa
the 41st-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the 20th-largest globally by PPP.
The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government.
The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état,
and the takeover of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
Human rights in Egypt are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt under the various articles of Chapter 3.
The country is also a party to numerous international human rights treaties,
including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
However, the state of human rights in the country has been criticized both in the past and the present,
especially by foreign human rights organisations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR), founded in April 1985 and with its headquarters in Cairo, Egypt,
is a non-profit NGO and one of the longest-standing bodies for the defense of human rights in Egypt.
It investigates, monitors, and reports on human rights violations and defends people's rights regardless of the identity, gender or color of the victim.